(volcanology) A form of lava flow associated with Hawaiian-type volcanoes, consisting of basaltic rock, usually dark-colored with a jagged and loose, clinkery surface. Compare pahoehoe.
Abbreviation of adjectives.
Abbreviation of arteries.
Initialism of acetic acid.
Initialism of acting age.
Initialism of amino acid.
Initialism of aminoacetone.
Initialism of arachidonic acid.
Initialism of armature accelerator.
Initialism of ascending aorta.
Initialism of atomic absorption.
Initialism of average audience.
ab
ab
noun
(US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start.
(informal) abdominal muscle.
(slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin.
Abbreviation of abortion.
prep
Abbreviation of about.
verb
(climbing, informal) To abseil.
Abbreviation of abort.
ac
ac
adj
(medicine) ante cibum, before meals
noun
(electricity) Alternative letter-case form of AC (“alternating current”)
Abbreviation of acre.
Alternative letter-case form of AC (“air conditioning”)
account; money of account
alicyclic
ad
ad
noun
(debating) advantage
(tennis) advantage
Abbreviation of advertisement.
Abbreviation of advertiser.
Abbreviation of advertising.
prep
to, toward
ae
ae
symbol
Variant of æ.
af
af
adv
(postpositive, vulgar, slang, Internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of as fuck.
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of after.
ag
ag
adv
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of again.
intj
(South Africa) Expressing annoyance, remorse, surprise etc.; oh, ah.
noun
(chiefly in compounds) Clipping of agriculture or agricultural.
(construction) Clipping of aggregate (small rocks mixed into concrete).
Alternative letter-case form of AG (“aggressive (butch)”)
ah
ah
intj
A syllable used to fill space, particularly in music.
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.
noun
An instance of the interjection ah.
particle
A filled pause used to ascertain the continued attention of the listener.
Emphasizes the need for the listener's absolute acknowledgment or consent.
Marks a tag question prompting the listener to clarify something.
Used for emphasis; sometimes placed at the end of a short wh-question.
pron
Pronunciation spelling of I, most often indicating that the speaker is using a Scottish or American (particularly Southern) accent.
verb
To give a cry of "ah".
ai
ai
abbrev
(slang, US) All right.
noun
A type of three-toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus, endemic to forests of southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil.
aj
ak
al
al
noun
The Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia, especially as used to make dye.
am
am
abbrev
(informal or dialectal) Contraction of I am.
adv
Alternative spelling of a.m.
verb
first-person singular present indicative of be
an
an
article
(nonstandard) Used before /h/ in a stressed syllable.
(nonstandard, Britain, West Country) Used before all consonants.
(now quite rare) Used before one and words with initial u, eu.
Used before /h/ in an unstressed syllable.
Used before a vowel sound.
conj
(archaic) As if; as though.
(archaic) If
(archaic) So long as.
noun
The first letter of the Georgian alphabet, ა (Mkhedruli), Ⴀ (Asomtavruli) or ⴀ (Nuskhuri).
num
(nonstandard, Britain, West Country) one
prep
In each; to or for each; per.
ao
ao
adv
Initialism of amongst/among/and others.
noun
grue (color)
ap
ap
adj
Abbreviation of apothecaries' system.
aq
aq
adj
as quoted (used on a menu to indicate that the price is not listed because it varies depending on the composition of a dish (as in a charcuterie or cheese platter) or because it is particularly high)
noun
(chemistry) Abbreviation of aqueous solution.
ar
ar
intj
(UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr
noun
The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.
verb
Obsolete spelling of are
as
as
adv
(New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely
(dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)
Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
conj
(dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if.
(law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.
(rare, now England, Midland US and Southern US, possibly obsolete) Than.
At the same instant or moment that: when.
At the same time that, during the same time when: while.
Being that, considering that, because, since.
Expressing concession: though.
Functioning as a relative conjunction, and sometimes like a relative pronoun: that, which, who. (See usage notes.)
In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
Used after so or as to introduce a comparison.
Used to introduce a result: with the result that it is.
Varying through time in the same proportion that.
noun
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.
(rare) Alternative form of a's.
(unit of weight) A libra.
prep
In the role of.
Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
by way of
at
at
noun
Alternative form of att (Laos currency unit)
The at sign (@).
prep
(Ireland, stressed pronunciation) Bothering, irritating, causing discomfort to
(UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, especially finance) (also as at; before dates) On a particular date.
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker's perspective.
(used for skills (including in activities) or areas of knowledge) On the subject of; regarding.
Denotes a price.
Holding a given speed or rate.
In a state of.
In the direction of (often in an unfocused or uncaring manner).
In, near, or in the general vicinity of a particular place.
Indicates a means, method, or manner.
Indicates a position on a scale or in a series.
Occupied in (activity).
pron
(Northern England, rare, possibly obsolete) Alternative form of 'at (relative pronoun; reduced form of "that" and/or "what")
verb
(informal, neologism) Rare form of @; to reply to or talk to someone, either online or face-to-face. (from the practice of targeting a message or reply to someone online by writing @name)
au
au
noun
Abbreviation of Absorbance Units.
Abbreviation of arbitrary unit.
Abbreviation of astronomical unit.
Abbreviation of atomic unit.
av
av
adj
Abbreviation of audiovisual.
Abbreviation of average.
adv
Abbreviation of ad valorem.
noun
Abbreviation of antivirus.
Abbreviation of avenue.
Abbreviation of aviation.
Abbreviation of avoirdupois.
verb
(text messaging) have
aw
aw
intj
Used to express affection.
Used to express disappointment or dismay.
Used to express mild protest, entreaty, consternation, or disapproval.
noun
An instance of aw.
ax
ax
noun
(American spelling) Alternative form of axe
verb
(now nonstandard or dialectical, especially African-American Vernacular and Bermuda) Alternative form of ask
ay
ay
adv
(archaic, poetic or Northern England) Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.
intj
Ah! alas!
Alternative spelling of aye ("yes")
New Zealand spelling of eh (question tag)
noun
The name of the Latin-script letter A.
az
az
adv
Eye dialect spelling of as.
noun
(heraldry) Abbreviation of azure.
Name of the letter a in Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets.
ba
ba
noun
(Egyptian mythology) A being's soul or personality, represented as a bird-headed figure, which survives after death but must be sustained with offerings of food.
(colloquial and in direct address) Father, baba.
(historical) A medieval football game played in parts of Scotland around Christmas and New Year.
bb
bb
noun
(Internet slang) Abbreviation of baby.
Alternative spelling of BB
bc
bc
adv
Alternative letter-case form of BC (Before Christ)
conj
(Internet slang) Alternative form of b/c: because.
noun
(law enforcement) bodycam
(music) basso continuo
Initialism of blind copy, a shortening of blind carbon copy
bd
bd
noun
Abbreviation of bed. (bedroom, used in apartment listings)
be
be
noun
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Б / б.
prep
(dialectal, possibly dated) Alternative form of by. Also found in compounds, especially oaths, e.g. begorra.
verb
(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect.
(With since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event.
(auxiliary) Used to form the continuous aspect.
(auxiliary) Used to form the passive voice.
(auxiliary) Used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs; this was more common in archaic use, especially with verbs indicating motion. "He is finished", and "He is gone" are common, but "He is come" is archaic.
(copulative) Used to indicate that the subject and object are the same.
(copulative) Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
(copulative) Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective.
(copulative) Used to indicate that the subject is an instance of the predicate nominal.
(copulative) Used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal.
(copulative) Used to link a subject to a measurement.
(copulative, mathematics) Used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same.
(copulative, with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years.
(dynamic / lexical "be", especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way.
(formal, auxiliary) Used to express future action as well as what is due to, intended to, or should happen.
(intransitive) To occupy a place.
(intransitive) To occur, to take place.
(intransitive, in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".
(intransitive, now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive.
(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate weather, air quality, or the like.
(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was.
(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day.
(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist.
bf
bf
noun
(Internet slang) Initialism of best friend.
(Internet slang) Initialism of boyfriend.
(proofreading) Initialism of boldface.
bg
bg
noun
Abbreviation of background.
verb
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of begin and inflections beginning, began, begun.
bh
bi
bi
adj
(LGBT, slang) Bisexual.
(LGBT, slang, uncommon) Bigender.
noun
(LGBT, slang) A bisexual person.
(bodybuilding, colloquial, uncommon) A biceps muscle.
A type of jade disk produced in ancient China.
bk
bk
noun
(video games, slang) Initialism of bad kid, an inexperienced player or noob.
Abbreviation of black.
Abbreviation of book.
bl
bm
bm
noun
Abbreviation of Builder's Old Measurement.
bn
bn
adj
Initialism of brand new.
bo
bo
intj
An exclamation used to startle or frighten.
noun
(US, slang) Fellow, chap, boy.
(martial arts) A quarterstaff, especially in an oriental context.
bp
bp
noun
(finance) Initialism of basis point.
(genetics) Initialism of base pair.
br
bs
bs
noun
plural of b
bt
bt
conj
(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of but.
bu
bu
noun
Abbreviation of bushel. (a unit of weight or dry measure)
Clipping of bureau.
bv
bw
bw
noun
Abbreviation of birth weight.
Abbreviation of bodyweight.
bx
by
by
adj
Out of the way, off to one side.
Subsidiary, incidental.
adv
Along a path which runs past the speaker.
Aside, away.
In the vicinity, near.
To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
intj
Alternative spelling of bye.
noun
Alternative form of bye.
prep
(chiefly Yeshivish) At, with, among
(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.
(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
Following a noun.
Following a passive verb.
From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
Indicates a referenced source: According to.
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
Invokes an authority in an oath.
Near or next to.
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
per; with or in proportion to each.
bz
ca
ca
adv
Alternative spelling of ca.
cb
cc
cc
noun
Abbreviation of chapters.
Initialism of closed caption.
Initialism of cubic centimeter.
verb
(Internet, transitive) Initialism of carbon copy (“to add an additional recipient to the CC line of an e-mail message”).
cd
ce
ce
noun
Alternative form of cee (“the letter C”)
cf
cf
verb
Alternative form of cf.
cg
ch
ch
noun
(Japan) Abbreviation of channel
Abbreviation of chain - a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
pron
(obsolete, dialectal) Alternative form of I
ci
ci
noun
One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms
cj
ck
cl
cm
cn
co
co
noun
(colloquial) Clipping of company.
pron
(nonstandard) them (singular). Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.
(nonstandard) they (singular). Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
cp
cp
noun
(computing) Abbreviation of codepage. (e.g. cp437, cp737, cp1253, etc.)
cq
cr
cr
noun
(accounting) Abbreviation of creditor, credit
symbol
crore
cs
cs
noun
plural of c
ct
cu
cv
cw
cy
cz
da
da
article
Pronunciation spelling of the.
intj
(slang, Russianism) Yes.
noun
(Ireland, Scotland, Northern England) Father.
(slang, Russian) Yes; an affirmative response.
db
dc
dc
noun
(crochet) Initialism of double crochet.
Alternative letter-case form of DC
dd
dd
noun
day, in two-digit, numeric format, as in dd/mm/yyyy
de
de
article
(African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
intj
A meaningless syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
noun
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.
verb
(Northumbria) To do.
df
df
noun
Alternative form of DOF (“degree(s) of freedom”)
dg
dh
di
dj
dk
dl
dl
noun
(computing) Download; Alternative form of DL.
dm
dn
do
do
adv
(rare) Abbreviation of ditto.
noun
(UK, informal) A party, celebration, social function; usually of moderate size and formality.
(UK, slang) A homicide.
(archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.
(chiefly fossilized) Something that can or should be done.
(chiefly obsolete, fossilized in the UK) Something that has been done.
(informal) Clipping of hairdo.
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.
(obsolete, UK, slang) A cheat; a swindler.
(obsolete, UK, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.
num
The cardinal number occurring after el and before do one in a duodecimal system. Written 10, decimal value 12.
verb
(archaic, dialectal, transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the present progressive of verbs.
(auxiliary) A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.
(auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.
(auxiliary) A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.
(ditransitive) To have (as an effect).
(informal) To punish for a misdemeanor.
(informal, transitive) To injure (one's own body part).
(informal, transitive, ditransitive) To make or provide.
(intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.
(intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).
(intransitive, obsolete) To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.
(intransitive, transitive) To suffice.
(obsolete, transitive) To cause, make (someone) (do something).
(pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; in most dialects, not used with auxiliaries such as be, though it can be in AAVE.
(stock exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.
(transitive) To cheat or swindle.
(transitive) To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.
(transitive) To impersonate or depict.
(transitive) To perform; to execute.
(transitive) To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)
(transitive) To take drugs.
(transitive) To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.
(transitive) To treat in a certain way.
(transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.
(transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.
(transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.
(transitive, intransitive) To finish.
(transitive, slang) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.
(transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)
(transitive, slang) To kill.
Let’s do New York also.
To cook.
To perform the tasks or actions associated with (something).
dp
dq
dr
dr
noun
(accounting) Abbreviation of debtor, debit
ds
ds
noun
plural of d
dt
du
dv
dw
dw
phrase
(Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative letter-case form of DW.
dx
dx
noun
Alternative letter-case form of Dx (“diagnosis”).
verb
Alternative letter-case form of Dx (“to diagnose”).
dy
dy
adv
(text messaging) already
verb
Obsolete form of die.
dz
dz
noun
Abbreviation of dozen.
symbol
(stenoscript) does (cf. d 'do, did, done, doing')
ea
ea
det
Alternative form of ea.
noun
(UK dialect or archaic) A river or watercourse.
eb
ec
ed
ed
noun
edition
editor
education (uncountable)
ee
ee
intj
(Northern England) eh
noun
(Scotland, Northern England and archaic) An eye.
(chemistry) Enantiomeric excess.
The name of the Latin-script letter E.
ef
ef
conj
(nonstandard) Pronunciation spelling of if, representing dialectal English.
noun
The name of the Latin-script letter F.
eg
eg
adv
Alternative form of e.g.
eh
eh
adj
(informal, predicative only) Of mediocre quality; unremarkable.
intj
(Philippines) Expressing apprehension following or preceding a reasoning or excuse; uh.
(chiefly Canada) An interjection used to ascertain the continued attention of an individual addressed by the speaker.
(informal, UK, Australia, chiefly Canada, MTE, New Zealand, US) Used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said.
Expressing apathy or lack of enthusiasm; meh.
In isolation, a request for repetition or clarification of what has just been said; compare what, pardon.
In isolation, expressing surprise or confusion; compare wha, huh, za.
verb
To use the interjection eh.
ei
el
el
article
(informal, humorous, chiefly Internet slang) the
noun
(US) An elevated railway, especially for specific systems such as the metro in Chicago.
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Л / л.
The name of the Latin-script letter L.
num
The cardinal number occurring after dek and before do in a duodecimal system. Written ↋, decimal value 11.
em
em
intj
(Scotland, Ireland) a form of hesitant speech, or an expression of uncertainty; um; umm; erm
noun
(typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.
The name of the Cyrillic script letter М / м.
The name of the Latin-script letter M.
pron
(rare, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, the objective case of ey, equivalent to the singular them and coordinate with him and her.
Alternative form of 'em
en
en
noun
(typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).
Abbreviation of English.
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Н / н.
The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.
prep
Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).
pron
(dialectal, Newfoundland) him
(dialectal, Newfoundland) it (when the thing being referred to is masculine)
eo
ep
ep
noun
(informal) episode (of a TV serial, etc.)
eq
er
er
intj
Said when hesitating in speech.
noun
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Р / р.
verb
(informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found in the phrase um and er.
es
es
noun
(rare) Alternative form of e's.
Alternative form of ess (letter 's') in compounds such as "es-hook".
The name of the Cyrillic script letter С / с.
verb
Pronunciation spelling of is.
et
et
verb
(informal, dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of ate, the simple past tense and past participle of eat
eu
ev
ev
symbol
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of even., ever, every
ew
ew
intj
Expression of disgust or nausea.
ex
ex
adj
(Singapore, colloquial) expensive, dear
(rail transport, of a train) the place the train originated from or called at prior to the present location.
Ex-, former, previously but no longer.
noun
(Canada) Clipping of exhibition.
(colloquial) A former partner or spouse, usually short for ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife or ex-husband.
The name of the Latin-script letter X.
verb
To delete; to cross out
ey
ey
noun
(obsolete) An egg.
pron
(rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, one of the so-called Spivak pronouns, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
ez
ez
adj
(US, informal, Internet slang) Alternative letter-case form of EZ
fa
fa
noun
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.
fb
fc
fd
fe
ff
ff
character
Often written in old manuscripts or transcriptions of them, denoting a capital F.
fg
fi
fi
noun
(in combination) Abbreviation of fiction. (e.g. in sci-fi)
(in combination) Abbreviation of fidelity. (e.g. in hi-fi, lo-fi, or wi-fi)
(music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the fourth note of a major scale.
prep
(Jamaica) Alternative form of to
fl
fl
adj
(proofreading) Initialism of flush left.
fm
fm
prep
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of from.
fn
fn
noun
Abbreviation of footnote.
Abbreviation of function.
fo
fo
noun
(paper, printing) Abbreviation of folio., page and book size (10"-12.5" x 15"-20").
prep
(informal) Alternative spelling of fo'
fp
fr
fr
adj
(Internet slang) Initialism of for real.
(proofreading) Initialism of flush right.
noun
(Internet slang) Alternative letter-case form of FR (“friend request”)
fs
fs
noun
plural of f
prep_phrase
(text messaging) Abbreviation of for sure.
ft
ft
noun
Abbreviation of foot (“unit of length”).
fu
fu
intj
(Internet slang) Initialism of fuck you.
noun
(slang) Expertise, mastery
A Chinese literary form developed during the times of the Han dynasty that combines prose and poetry, sometimes called rhymed prose.
flux unit
fv
fw
fx
fx
noun
Abbreviation of fax.
fy
fy
intj
Archaic form of fie.
fz
ga
gb
gc
gd
gd
adj
Abbreviation of good.
Abbreviation of grand.
noun
(mathematics) Abbreviation of Gudermannian.
ge
ge
noun
The name of the Cyrillic script letter Г / г.
gg
gg
phrase
(online gaming slang) Initialism of good game.
(online gaming slang, by extension) loss, defeat, game over